Question:
Which reagent oxidizes glucose to saccharic acid?
Which reagent oxidizes glucose to saccharic acid?
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Remember the oxidation gradient for glucose:
1. Mild oxidizing agent ($\text{Br}_2\ \text{water}$) $\rightarrow$ Mono-carboxylic acid (Gluconic acid).
2. Strong oxidizing agent ($\text{dil. HNO}_3$) $\rightarrow$ Di-carboxylic acid (Saccharic acid).
1. Mild oxidizing agent ($\text{Br}_2\ \text{water}$) $\rightarrow$ Mono-carboxylic acid (Gluconic acid).
2. Strong oxidizing agent ($\text{dil. HNO}_3$) $\rightarrow$ Di-carboxylic acid (Saccharic acid).
Updated On: Jun 4, 2026
- $\text{dil. HNO}_3$
- $\text{NH}_2\text{OH}$
- HCN
- $\text{Br}_2\ \text{water}$
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks us to identify the specific chemical reagent that is capable of converting glucose into saccharic acid (also known as dicarboxy acid or glucaric acid) via oxidation.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Glucose contains one primary alcohol group ($-\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$) at one end and one aldehyde group ($-\text{CHO}$) at the other end, connected by four secondary alcohol channels.
To produce saccharic acid ($\text{HOOC}-(\text{CHOH})_4-\text{COOH}$), both the terminal aldehyde group and the terminal primary alcohol group must be simultaneously oxidized into carboxylic acid groups ($-\text{COOH}$). This requires a strong oxidizing agent.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let's analyze the effects of the provided options on a glucose molecule:
Bromine water ($\text{Br}_2\ \text{water}$) is a mild oxidizing agent. It only oxidizes the reactive aldehyde group to form gluconic acid, leaving the primary alcohol group untouched.
Hydroxylamine ($\text{NH}_2\text{OH}$) and Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) are nucleophilic reagents that react with the carbonyl group to form an oxime and a cyanohydrin, respectively, rather than acting as oxidizing agents.
Dilute nitric acid ($\text{dil. HNO}_3$) is a powerful oxidizing agent. It successfully attacks and oxidizes both the oxidizable aldehyde group ($-\text{CHO}$) and the primary alcohol group ($-\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$) of glucose into carboxylic acid functions.
The complete structural transformation can be written as:
$$\text{CHO}-(\text{CHOH})_4-\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{dil. HNO}_3} \text{COOH}-(\text{CHOH})_4-\text{COOH}$$
This dicarboxylic acid product is known as saccharic acid.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The reagent that oxidizes glucose to saccharic acid is $\text{dil. HNO}_3$, matching option (A).
The question asks us to identify the specific chemical reagent that is capable of converting glucose into saccharic acid (also known as dicarboxy acid or glucaric acid) via oxidation.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Glucose contains one primary alcohol group ($-\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$) at one end and one aldehyde group ($-\text{CHO}$) at the other end, connected by four secondary alcohol channels.
To produce saccharic acid ($\text{HOOC}-(\text{CHOH})_4-\text{COOH}$), both the terminal aldehyde group and the terminal primary alcohol group must be simultaneously oxidized into carboxylic acid groups ($-\text{COOH}$). This requires a strong oxidizing agent.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let's analyze the effects of the provided options on a glucose molecule:
Bromine water ($\text{Br}_2\ \text{water}$) is a mild oxidizing agent. It only oxidizes the reactive aldehyde group to form gluconic acid, leaving the primary alcohol group untouched.
Hydroxylamine ($\text{NH}_2\text{OH}$) and Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) are nucleophilic reagents that react with the carbonyl group to form an oxime and a cyanohydrin, respectively, rather than acting as oxidizing agents.
Dilute nitric acid ($\text{dil. HNO}_3$) is a powerful oxidizing agent. It successfully attacks and oxidizes both the oxidizable aldehyde group ($-\text{CHO}$) and the primary alcohol group ($-\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$) of glucose into carboxylic acid functions.
The complete structural transformation can be written as:
$$\text{CHO}-(\text{CHOH})_4-\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{dil. HNO}_3} \text{COOH}-(\text{CHOH})_4-\text{COOH}$$
This dicarboxylic acid product is known as saccharic acid.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The reagent that oxidizes glucose to saccharic acid is $\text{dil. HNO}_3$, matching option (A).
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