Neo-Whorfism, or the theory of linguistic relativity, is based on the idea that the language one speaks influences the way one thinks and perceives the world. This option (A) correctly captures this relationship between language, thought, and worldview.
Option (B), with terms like deep structure and surface structure, is related to Noam Chomsky's theory of generative grammar, not Neo-Whorfism.
Option (C) refers more to linguistic methodology, but it doesn't relate to the central concern of Neo-Whorfism about the relationship between language and thought.
Option (D) refers to Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic theory, not related to Neo-Whorfism.
\[
\boxed{\text{Correct answer: (A).}}
\]