Number of atoms is proportional to:
\[
\frac{\text{mass}}{\text{molar mass}}
\]
Smaller molar mass means more atoms for the same mass.
Among the options, lithium has the smallest molar mass:
\[
M_{Li}\approx 7
\]
Hence, \(1\) g of lithium has the largest number of atoms.
\[
\boxed{(C)\ 1\text{ g }Li(s)}
\]