Concept:
The Museum of Alexandria was one of the greatest centres of learning in the ancient world.
It was associated with scholars, philosophers, mathematicians, astronomers, and scientists.
Step 1: Understand the Museum of Alexandria.
The Museum of Alexandria was not a museum in the modern sense.
It was a research institution and centre of knowledge connected with the famous Library of Alexandria.
Many scholars worked there or were associated with its intellectual tradition.
Step 2: Check the options.
Herodotus was a historian.
Aeschylus was a Greek tragedian.
Aristophanes was a comic playwright.
Archimedes was a scientist, mathematician, and inventor.
Among the given options, Archimedes is the scientist.
Step 3: Final conclusion.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
\[
\boxed{\text{Archimedes}}
\]