Question

Which one of the following methods was NOT used by Sigmund Freud to understand the internal functioning of the mind:

• A. Fictional finalism
• B. Hypnosis
• C. Free-association
• D. Dream analysis

Hint:

Fictional finalism is Adler's concept.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Freud built psychoanalysis to explore the unconscious mind. He used several methods to bring hidden thoughts and wishes into awareness. The question asks for the one idea that was not his method.

Step 2: Recall Freud's methods.
Freud used hypnosis in his early work, then free association, then dream interpretation. He also studied slips of the tongue.

Step 3: Check option (1) Fictional finalism.
Fictional finalism is an idea of Alfred Adler. It says people are guided by imagined future goals. Freud did not use it, so option 1 is the answer.

Step 4: Check option (2) Hypnosis.
Freud used hypnosis early on, following Breuer and Charcot, to reach buried memories. So option 2 was used by him.

Step 5: Check option (3) Free association.
Here the patient says whatever comes to mind without editing. Freud used this as his main technique. So option 3 was used.

Step 6: Check option (4) Dream analysis.
Freud called dreams the royal road to the unconscious. He read their hidden meaning. So option 4 was used.

Final Answer:
Fictional finalism belongs to Adler, not Freud. The answer is option 1.\[ \boxed{\text{1}} \]