Question:
Which one of the following complexes is an outer orbital complex?
Which one of the following complexes is an outer orbital complex?
Show Hint
Strong field ligands (CN\(^-\), CO) favor inner orbital (low spin) complexes. Weak field ligands (halides) favor outer orbital (high spin) complexes.
Updated On: May 2, 2026
- \([Fe(CN)_6]^{4-}\)
- \([Mn(CN)_6]^{4-}\)
- \([Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+}\)
- \([Ni(NH_3)_6]^{2+}\)
Show Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Outer orbital complexes (high spin) use outer d-orbitals (\(nd\)) for hybridization, while inner orbital complexes (low spin) use inner (\(n-1\))d orbitals. This depends on the ligand field strength.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:}}
\begin{itemize} \item (A) \([Fe(CN)_6]^{4-}\): Fe\(^{2+}\) (d\(^6\)), CN\(^-\) is strong field ligand, pairing occurs, uses inner d orbitals (d\(^2sp^3\)), inner orbital complex. \item (B) \([Mn(CN)_6]^{4-}\): Mn\(^{2+}\) (d\(^5\)), CN\(^-\) strong field, pairing occurs, uses inner d orbitals, inner orbital complex. \item (C) \([Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+}\): Co\(^{3+}\) (d\(^6\)), NH\(_3\) is strong field for Co\(^{3+}\), pairing occurs, uses inner d orbitals (d\(^2sp^3\)), inner orbital complex. \item (D) \([Ni(NH_3)_6]^{2+}\): Ni\(^{2+}\) (d\(^8\)), NH\(_3\) is moderate field but for Ni\(^{2+}\), it forms outer orbital complex using sp\(^3\)d\(^2\) hybridization (outer d orbitals). \end{itemize}
Step 3: Final Answer:
\([Ni(NH_3)_6]^{2+}\) is an outer orbital complex, option (D).
Outer orbital complexes (high spin) use outer d-orbitals (\(nd\)) for hybridization, while inner orbital complexes (low spin) use inner (\(n-1\))d orbitals. This depends on the ligand field strength.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:}}
\begin{itemize} \item (A) \([Fe(CN)_6]^{4-}\): Fe\(^{2+}\) (d\(^6\)), CN\(^-\) is strong field ligand, pairing occurs, uses inner d orbitals (d\(^2sp^3\)), inner orbital complex. \item (B) \([Mn(CN)_6]^{4-}\): Mn\(^{2+}\) (d\(^5\)), CN\(^-\) strong field, pairing occurs, uses inner d orbitals, inner orbital complex. \item (C) \([Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+}\): Co\(^{3+}\) (d\(^6\)), NH\(_3\) is strong field for Co\(^{3+}\), pairing occurs, uses inner d orbitals (d\(^2sp^3\)), inner orbital complex. \item (D) \([Ni(NH_3)_6]^{2+}\): Ni\(^{2+}\) (d\(^8\)), NH\(_3\) is moderate field but for Ni\(^{2+}\), it forms outer orbital complex using sp\(^3\)d\(^2\) hybridization (outer d orbitals). \end{itemize}
Step 3: Final Answer:
\([Ni(NH_3)_6]^{2+}\) is an outer orbital complex, option (D).
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