Question

Which of these separation technique pairs is correctly matched?

• A. Ortho and para nitrophenol: fractional distillation
• B. Crude oil/petroleum: steam distillation
• C. Cereal and amla: simple distillation
• D. Crude oil/petroleum: fractional distillation

Hint:

Crude oil is typically separated by fractional distillation due to the wide range of boiling points of its components.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the separation techniques.
- Fractional distillation is used to separate mixtures with different boiling points. Crude oil consists of a mixture of hydrocarbons, and fractional distillation is used to separate them based on their boiling points. - Steam distillation is used for separating compounds that are sensitive to heat. This technique is not ideal for separating crude oil.
Step 2: Conclusion.
Therefore, the correct matching pair is Crude oil/petroleum and fractional distillation, which corresponds to option (D).

Answer 2

Step 1: Fractional distillation separates a mixture of liquids that have different, close boiling points.

Step 2: Crude oil (petroleum) is exactly this kind of mixture — many hydrocarbons with different boiling points.

Step 3: So crude oil/petroleum is correctly separated using fractional distillation — option (D).

Answer 3

Checking each pair.
Ortho and para nitrophenol are actually separated by steam distillation (the ortho isomer is steam-volatile due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding), not fractional distillation, so this pairing is wrong.
Crude oil is not separated by steam distillation either, so that pairing is also wrong.
The cereal-and-amla pairing does not correspond to a standard simple-distillation separation, so it is incorrect as well.
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons with closely spaced boiling points, and separating such a mixture is exactly what fractional distillation is designed for. So the correctly matched pair is option (D).