Question

Which of the followings does not belong to cross drainage works in canal command area?

• A. Aqueduct
• B. Super passages
• C. Level crossing
• D. Metering flumes

Hint:

Cross drainage works are classified into three types based on relative levels:
1. Canal over Drainage (Aqueduct, Syphon Aqueduct)
2. Drainage over Canal (Super Passage, Canal Syphon)
3. Meeting at same level (Level Crossing, Inlet and Outlet)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Cross drainage works are engineering structures constructed when an irrigation canal crosses a natural drainage channel (like a river or stream) to prevent the mixing of canal water with natural runoff.
Detailed Explanation:
Let us review the various structures designed for cross drainage and compare them with the options:
- Aqueduct (A): A structure where the canal is carried over the natural drainage channel. The canal bed is higher than the high flood level of the drainage. This is a cross drainage work.
- Super passage (B): A structure where the natural drainage is carried over the canal. The canal water flows at a lower level than the drainage bed. This is a cross drainage work.
- Level crossing (C): A structure constructed when a canal and a natural drainage intersect at practically the same level.
The canal water and drainage water are allowed to mix, and regulator gates control the flows. This is a cross drainage work.
- Metering flumes (D): These are specially designed open-channel structures (like Parshall flumes) used to measure the rate of water flow in a canal.
They are flow measurement devices and do not serve any cross drainage function.

Step 2: Final Answer:
Metering flumes do not belong to cross drainage works, making option (D) the correct answer.