Question

The optimum temperature ($^{\circ}$C) for germination of wheat is

• A. 8-10
• B. 12-15
• C. 20-22
• D. 24-26

Hint:

Remember that while the optimum temperature for wheat germination is $20\text{--}22^{\circ}$C, the optimum temperature for its vegetative growth is slightly lower ($16\text{--}22^{\circ}$C), and it requires cool weather during early stages and warm, sunny days during ripening.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a major cereal crop of the rabi (winter) season.
Germination is a vital physiological process governed by soil moisture, aeration, and temperature.
The temperature range dictates the speed and percentage of seed emergence in the field.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Wheat seeds can germinate within a wide temperature range, starting as low as $4^{\circ}$C up to a maximum of $35^{\circ}$C.
However, the physiological processes required for rapid and uniform seedling establishment occur best at an optimum temperature range.
The most favorable temperature for rapid and complete germination of wheat seeds is $20^{\circ}$C to $22^{\circ}$C.
At this temperature range, enzymatic activities (such as amylases and proteases) are highly active.
These enzymes quickly break down stored starch and proteins in the endosperm to supply energy to the growing embryo.
Temperatures below this range slow down cellular respiration, delaying emergence and exposing seeds to soil pathogens.
Temperatures above this range can lead to poor seedling vigor or heat-induced dormancy.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The optimum temperature for the germination of wheat is $20\text{--}22^{\circ}$C, which corresponds to option (C).