Which of the following traits are observed in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes?
• [(A).] 70S ribosomes
• [(B).] Nuclear division by Mitosis
• [(C).] Phagocytosis
• [(D).] Binary fission
• [(E).] Presence of Nucleolus
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following traits are observed in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes?
• [(A).] 70S ribosomes
• [(B).] Nuclear division by Mitosis
• [(C).] Phagocytosis
• [(D).] Binary fission
• [(E).] Presence of Nucleolus
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Show Hint
- Membrane-bound structures (like the nucleus and nucleolus) and processes requiring a cytoskeleton (like mitosis and phagocytosis) are exclusive to eukaryotes.
- (A), (B) and (D) only.
- (A), (B) and (C) only.
- (B), and (E) only.
- (B), (C) and (E) only.
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells differ in their internal structure, cellular organelles, and methods of division.
Eukaryotes possess a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, whereas prokaryotes lack these structures.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let us evaluate each of the traits listed:
- 70S ribosomes (A): These are the primary ribosomes of prokaryotes.
Although eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes in their cytoplasm, their organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts) contain 70S ribosomes.
Thus, 70S ribosomes are found in both domains and are not unique to eukaryotes.
- Nuclear division by Mitosis (B): This is a complex, regulated process of chromosome segregation unique to eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and mitotic spindle machinery, so they do not undergo mitosis.
- Phagocytosis (C): This is the process where a cell engulfs solid particles using its cell membrane.
This process requires a flexible cell membrane, cytoskeleton, and vesicle transport systems, which are found only in eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes have rigid cell walls and lack the cytoskeletal machinery needed for phagocytosis.
- Binary fission (D): This is the primary method of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes.
- Presence of Nucleolus (E): The nucleolus is a dense structure inside the eukaryotic nucleus where ribosomes are assembled.
Because prokaryotes lack a nucleus, they do not have a nucleolus.
Therefore, traits (B), (C), and (E) are observed in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct combination is (B), (C) and (E) only, matching Option (D).
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