Given below are two statements:
• [Statement (I):] Bacteria need pre-existing openings or wounds on plants to initiate infection.
• [Statement (II):] Bacteria do not produce specialized infective structures.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements:
• [Statement (I):] Bacteria need pre-existing openings or wounds on plants to initiate infection.
• [Statement (II):] Bacteria do not produce specialized infective structures.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Show Hint
- Fungi: Can penetrate actively (using appressoria and cutinase enzymes) or passively.
- Bacteria: Can only enter passively through wounds or natural openings (stomata, hydathodes).
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
- Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
- Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Plant-pathogenic bacteria are single-celled prokaryotic organisms.
Unlike many pathogenic fungi, bacteria cannot actively penetrate intact plant outer structures, such as the waxy cuticle and rigid cell wall.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let us evaluate both statements:
- Statement (I) is correct: Because bacteria cannot mechanically penetrate the intact plant surface, they must enter the host through existing openings.
These include natural openings, such as stomata (gas exchange pores), hydathodes (water-excreting pores), and lenticels (bark pores), or wounds caused by wind, insects, hail, or agricultural tools.
- Statement (II) is correct: Many plant-pathogenic fungi produce specialized structures to infect plants, such as appressoria (swollen attachment structures) and penetration pegs that apply mechanical force to break the cuticle.
Bacteria do not produce any such specialized infective structures.
Instead, they enter the host plant passively through water films or actively via flagellar chemotaxis toward natural openings or wounds.
Therefore, both statements are correct.
Step 4: Final Answer:
Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct, matching Option (A).
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Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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