Question

Which of the following statements are true with respect to electronic displacement in a covalent bond?
I. Inductive effect operates through \(\pi\)-bond.
II. Resonance effect operates through \(\sigma\)-bond.
III. Inductive effect operates through \(\sigma\)-bond.
IV. Resonance effect operates through \(\pi\)-bond.

• A. III and IV
• B. I and II
• C. II and IV
• D. I and V

Hint:

Inductive effect is a \(\sigma\)-bond phenomenon, while resonance (mesomeric) effect is a \(\pi\)-bond phenomenon.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Electronic displacement effects like inductive and resonance effects differ in their mechanism and the types of bonds they operate through.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
• Inductive Effect (I): A permanent effect involving the polarization of \(\sigma\)-bonds due to the electronegativity difference. It operates through the \(\sigma\)-bond framework. So, statement I is false, and III is true. • Resonance Effect (R): Involves the delocalization of \(\pi\)-electrons. It operates through the \(\pi\)-bond framework. So, statement II is false, and IV is true. Therefore, the correct statements are III and IV.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The true statements are III and IV, which corresponds to option (A).