An isobaric process occurs when the pressure of a system remains constant, even as volume and temperature change. Examples include:
• Heating or cooling of a gas in a piston-cylinder setup.
• Phase changes at constant atmospheric pressure.
Other processes:
• Isothermal: Constant temperature.
• Adiabatic: No heat exchange.
• Isochoric: Constant volume.
| List-I (System) | List-II (Axial lengths and angles) |
|---|---|
| (A) Cubic | (I) \(a = b = c, \alpha = \beta = \gamma = 90^\circ\) |
| (B) Tetragonal | (II) \(a = b \neq c, \alpha = \beta = \gamma = 90^\circ\) |
| (C) Orthorhombic | (III) \(a \neq b \neq c, \alpha = \beta = \gamma = 90^\circ\) |
| (D) Hexagonal | (IV) \(a = b \neq c, \alpha = \beta = 90^\circ, \gamma = 120^\circ\) |