Question

Which of the following is correct with respect to formation of co operative societies?

• A. It is a fundamental right under Art 19(1) (c)
• B. It is a constitutional directive under Art 43 A
• C. It is a constitutional directive under Art 43 B
• D. Only (a) and (c)

Hint:

The 97th Amendment also added Part IX-B (Articles 243ZH to 243ZT) to the Constitution, which regulates the incorporation and management of co-operative societies.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks for the correct constitutional provisions that govern the formation and promotion of co-operative societies in India.

Step 2: Key Concepts and Approach:
The status of co-operative societies was elevated by a major constitutional amendment.
We need to analyze the changes made by the 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011, which touched upon Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, and added a new Part.

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:

• The 97th Amendment Act, 2011: This amendment was enacted to give constitutional status and protection to co-operative societies.

• Amendment to Article 19(1)(c): The words "co-operative societies" were added after "unions or associations." This made the right to form co-operative societies a Fundamental Right. Thus, statement (A) is correct.

• Insertion of Article 43B: A new Directive Principle of State Policy was inserted, which directs the State to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, and professional management of co-operative societies. Thus, statement (C) is correct.

• Evaluating Article 43A: Article 43A is a directive principle related to the participation of workers in the management of industries, which is not related to co-operative societies. Thus, statement (B) is incorrect.

• Synthesis: Since statements (A) and (C) are correct, Option D is the appropriate choice.

Step 4: Final Answer:
The formation of co-operative societies is a fundamental right under Article 19(1)(c) and a directive principle under Article 43B. Thus, Option D is the correct answer.