Which of the following is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-\(\alpha\)) agonist:
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- Ezetimibe
- Niacin
- Colesevelam
- Gemfibrozil
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding PPAR-\(\alpha\) agonists. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-\(\alpha\)) is a nuclear receptor that regulates lipid metabolism. PPAR-\(\alpha\) agonists, also known as fibrates, are used to lower triglyceride levels and increase HDL cholesterol in patients with dyslipidemia.
Step 2: Role of Gemfibrozil as a PPAR-\(\alpha\) agonist. Gemfibrozil is a fibrate class drug that activates PPAR-\(\alpha\), leading to:
- Increased fatty acid oxidation.
- Decreased triglyceride levels.
- Increased HDL cholesterol levels.
Step 3: Why other options are incorrect. - (A) Ezetimibe: Inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption by blocking NPC1L1, not a PPAR-\(\alpha\) agonist.
- (B) Niacin: Reduces triglycerides and LDL by inhibiting lipolysis but does not act on PPAR-\(\alpha\).
- (C) Colesevelam: A bile acid sequestrant that lowers LDL cholesterol, unrelated to PPAR-\(\alpha\) activation.
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