Question:
Which of the following element of first transition series has the lowest atomization enthalpy?
Which of the following element of first transition series has the lowest atomization enthalpy?
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Manganese and Zinc show a "dip" in properties like atomization enthalpy and melting point due to their stable electron configurations ($d^5$ and $d^{10}$ respectively) which inhibit strong metallic bonding.
Updated On: Jun 26, 2026
- Ti
- V
- Cr
- Mn
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Enthalpy of atomization depends on the strength of metallic bonding, which in turn depends on the number of unpaired electrons available for delocalization.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
1. Generally, as the number of unpaired d-electrons increases up to the middle of the series, the enthalpy of atomization increases.
2. However, Manganese ($Mn$) has a $3d^5 4s^2$ configuration. The half-filled d-subshell is exceptionally stable, which means the d-electrons are less available for metallic bonding.
3. Consequently, Manganese exhibits abnormally weak metallic bonding and has the lowest enthalpy of atomization among the elements of the first transition series (along with Zinc, which has no unpaired d-electrons).
Step 3: Final Answer:
Manganese (Mn) has the lowest atomization enthalpy.
Enthalpy of atomization depends on the strength of metallic bonding, which in turn depends on the number of unpaired electrons available for delocalization.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
1. Generally, as the number of unpaired d-electrons increases up to the middle of the series, the enthalpy of atomization increases.
2. However, Manganese ($Mn$) has a $3d^5 4s^2$ configuration. The half-filled d-subshell is exceptionally stable, which means the d-electrons are less available for metallic bonding.
3. Consequently, Manganese exhibits abnormally weak metallic bonding and has the lowest enthalpy of atomization among the elements of the first transition series (along with Zinc, which has no unpaired d-electrons).
Step 3: Final Answer:
Manganese (Mn) has the lowest atomization enthalpy.
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