Question:
Which of the following conditions are observed during acute gastric dilation and volvulus in dogs?
(A). Metabolic alkalosis
(B). Respiratory acidosis
(C). Reduced venous return
(D). Portal hypertension
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following conditions are observed during acute gastric dilation and volvulus in dogs?
(A). Metabolic alkalosis
(B). Respiratory acidosis
(C). Reduced venous return
(D). Portal hypertension
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A). Metabolic alkalosis
(B). Respiratory acidosis
(C). Reduced venous return
(D). Portal hypertension
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Show Hint
The massive gastric distension in GDV acts as a physical barrier in the abdomen.
It compresses the vena cava (reduced venous return), compresses the portal vein (portal hypertension), and restricts the diaphragm (respiratory acidosis).
It compresses the vena cava (reduced venous return), compresses the portal vein (portal hypertension), and restricts the diaphragm (respiratory acidosis).
Updated On: Aug 3, 2026
- (A), (C) and (D) only.
- (B), (C) and (D) only.
- (B) and (C) only.
- (C) and (D) only.
Show Solution
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Gastric Dilation-Volvulus (GDV) is an acute, life-threatening veterinary emergency most commonly seen in large, deep-chested dog breeds.
The stomach dilates with gas and twists along its axis, obstructing both the inflow and outflow tracts and compressing major abdominal vessels.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the pathophysiology of GDV:
- Reduced Venous Return (C): The distended stomach exerts severe pressure on the caudal vena cava and portal vein.
This obstruction restricts blood flow back to the heart, leading to a marked decrease in cardiac output and obstructive shock. Thus, (C) is observed.
- Portal Hypertension (D): Compression of the portal vein leads to blood pooling in the splanchnic circulation, causing portal hypertension and congestion of the abdominal viscera. Thus, (D) is observed.
- Respiratory Acidosis (B): The distended stomach presses on the diaphragm, limiting lung expansion.
This leads to hypoventilation, carbon dioxide retention, and respiratory acidosis. Thus, (B) is observed.
- Evaluating Statement (A): The poor tissue perfusion and obstructive shock lead to anaerobic metabolism and lactic acid accumulation.
This causes a profound metabolic acidosis, not metabolic alkalosis. Thus, (A) is incorrect.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The conditions observed are (B), (C), and (D). This corresponds to option (B).
Gastric Dilation-Volvulus (GDV) is an acute, life-threatening veterinary emergency most commonly seen in large, deep-chested dog breeds.
The stomach dilates with gas and twists along its axis, obstructing both the inflow and outflow tracts and compressing major abdominal vessels.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the pathophysiology of GDV:
- Reduced Venous Return (C): The distended stomach exerts severe pressure on the caudal vena cava and portal vein.
This obstruction restricts blood flow back to the heart, leading to a marked decrease in cardiac output and obstructive shock. Thus, (C) is observed.
- Portal Hypertension (D): Compression of the portal vein leads to blood pooling in the splanchnic circulation, causing portal hypertension and congestion of the abdominal viscera. Thus, (D) is observed.
- Respiratory Acidosis (B): The distended stomach presses on the diaphragm, limiting lung expansion.
This leads to hypoventilation, carbon dioxide retention, and respiratory acidosis. Thus, (B) is observed.
- Evaluating Statement (A): The poor tissue perfusion and obstructive shock lead to anaerobic metabolism and lactic acid accumulation.
This causes a profound metabolic acidosis, not metabolic alkalosis. Thus, (A) is incorrect.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The conditions observed are (B), (C), and (D). This corresponds to option (B).
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