Question:
Which of the following compounds is obtained when phenol reacts with concentrated nitric acid in the presence of conc. \(\text{H}_{2}\text{SO}_{4}\) ?
Which of the following compounds is obtained when phenol reacts with concentrated nitric acid in the presence of conc. \(\text{H}_{2}\text{SO}_{4}\) ?
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Concentrated nitric acid with sulphuric acid nitrates phenol at all three activated positions.
Updated On: Nov 12, 2026
- Benzoic acid
- Salicylic acid
- o- and p-nitrophenol
- Picric acid
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept
The OH group of phenol activates the ring toward electrophilic substitution at the ortho and para positions.
Step 2: Reaction conditions
With dilute nitric acid, phenol gives a mixture of o- and p-nitrophenol. With concentrated \(\text{HNO}_3\) in the presence of concentrated \(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\), all activated positions are nitrated.
Step 3: Product
Phenol gives 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, which is known as picric acid.
Final Answer:
The product is picric acid. \[ \boxed{\text{(D) }\text{Picric acid}} \]
The OH group of phenol activates the ring toward electrophilic substitution at the ortho and para positions.
Step 2: Reaction conditions
With dilute nitric acid, phenol gives a mixture of o- and p-nitrophenol. With concentrated \(\text{HNO}_3\) in the presence of concentrated \(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\), all activated positions are nitrated.
Step 3: Product
Phenol gives 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, which is known as picric acid.
Final Answer:
The product is picric acid. \[ \boxed{\text{(D) }\text{Picric acid}} \]
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