Question:
Which of the following can help predict the rate of a reaction if the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction (\( \Delta_r G^\circ \)) is known?
Which of the following can help predict the rate of a reaction if the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction (\( \Delta_r G^\circ \)) is known?
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A highly negative \( \Delta G \) means a reaction is very favorable, but it could still be incredibly slow (like diamond turning into graphite). Thermodynamics $\neq$ Kinetics.
Updated On: Apr 29, 2026
- Equilibrium constant
- \( \Delta_r H^\circ \)
- \( \Delta_r U^\circ \)
- Heat liberated during the course of reaction in calorimeter
- Both (B) and (A)
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
Thermodynamics and kinetics are distinct branches. Thermodynamics (\( \Delta G \)) tells us if a reaction will happen (feasibility) and to what extent (equilibrium), while Kinetics tells us how fast it happens (rate).
Step 1: Analyze the relationship between \( \Delta G^\circ \) and Equilibrium.
The standard Gibbs free energy is directly related to the equilibrium constant \( K \) by the equation: \[ \Delta_r G^\circ = -RT \ln K \] Knowing \( \Delta_r G^\circ \) allows us to calculate \( K \).
Step 2: Analyze the link to reaction Rate.
None of the parameters listed (\( K, \Delta H, \Delta U \)) can actually predict the rate of a reaction. The rate depends on the activation energy (\( E_a \)), which is not determined by the overall free energy change of the reaction.
Step 3: Interpretation.
Thermodynamics cannot predict reaction rates; it only gives equilibrium information via $\Delta_r G^\circ$. Hence, only equilibrium can be inferred.
Step 1: Analyze the relationship between \( \Delta G^\circ \) and Equilibrium.
The standard Gibbs free energy is directly related to the equilibrium constant \( K \) by the equation: \[ \Delta_r G^\circ = -RT \ln K \] Knowing \( \Delta_r G^\circ \) allows us to calculate \( K \).
Step 2: Analyze the link to reaction Rate.
None of the parameters listed (\( K, \Delta H, \Delta U \)) can actually predict the rate of a reaction. The rate depends on the activation energy (\( E_a \)), which is not determined by the overall free energy change of the reaction.
Step 3: Interpretation.
Thermodynamics cannot predict reaction rates; it only gives equilibrium information via $\Delta_r G^\circ$. Hence, only equilibrium can be inferred.
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