Question:
What is the IUPAC name for Glyceraldehyde?
What is the IUPAC name for Glyceraldehyde?
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When aldehyde and hydroxyl groups are present together, the aldehyde group gets priority and forms the suffix -al.
Updated On: Apr 24, 2026
- 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane
- 2,3-dihydroxypropanal
- 1,3-dihydroxypropanone
- 2-hydroxypropanal
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
Glyceraldehyde is a simple aldose sugar belonging to the class of monosaccharides. It contains both an aldehyde group and hydroxyl groups.
Its molecular formula is:
\[
C_3H_6O_3
\]
The structural formula can be written as:
\[
CHO - CHOH - CH_2OH
\]
In IUPAC nomenclature, the aldehyde group has the highest priority and must be assigned carbon number 1.
Step 1: Identify the longest carbon chain.
The molecule contains three carbon atoms, so the parent chain is propane.
Step 2: Identify the functional groups.
• Aldehyde group \((-CHO)\) at carbon 1
• Hydroxyl groups \((-OH)\) at carbons 2 and 3
Step 3: Construct the name.
• Two hydroxyl groups $\rightarrow$ dihydroxy
• Aldehyde functional group $\rightarrow$ suffix -al Thus, the IUPAC name becomes: \[ \text{2,3-dihydroxypropanal} \]
Step 1: Identify the longest carbon chain.
The molecule contains three carbon atoms, so the parent chain is propane.
Step 2: Identify the functional groups.
• Aldehyde group \((-CHO)\) at carbon 1
• Hydroxyl groups \((-OH)\) at carbons 2 and 3
Step 3: Construct the name.
• Two hydroxyl groups $\rightarrow$ dihydroxy
• Aldehyde functional group $\rightarrow$ suffix -al Thus, the IUPAC name becomes: \[ \text{2,3-dihydroxypropanal} \]
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