Question:
What is the characteristic valence shell configuration of coinage metals?
What is the characteristic valence shell configuration of coinage metals?
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Coinage metals = filled \(d^{10}\) + one \(s\)-electron → very stable configuration.
Updated On: Apr 15, 2026
- \(ns^2 np^6\)
- \((n-1)d^2 ns^2\)
- \(nd^9 ns^1\)
- \((n-1)d^{10} ns^1\)
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
Coinage metals (Cu, Ag, Au) belong to Group 11.
Step 1: Electronic configurations. \[ \text{Cu: } [Ar]\,3d^{10}4s^1 \] \[ \text{Ag: } [Kr]\,4d^{10}5s^1 \] \[ \text{Au: } [Xe]\,4f^{14}5d^{10}6s^1 \]
Step 2: General configuration. \[ (n-1)d^{10} ns^1 \]
Step 3: Reason. Filled \(d^{10}\) subshell provides extra stability; one \(s\)-electron available for bonding.
Step 1: Electronic configurations. \[ \text{Cu: } [Ar]\,3d^{10}4s^1 \] \[ \text{Ag: } [Kr]\,4d^{10}5s^1 \] \[ \text{Au: } [Xe]\,4f^{14}5d^{10}6s^1 \]
Step 2: General configuration. \[ (n-1)d^{10} ns^1 \]
Step 3: Reason. Filled \(d^{10}\) subshell provides extra stability; one \(s\)-electron available for bonding.
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