Translation is not only the mechanical transfer of words from one language to another.
It also involves transfer of meaning, tone, context, culture, style, and emotion.
When a translator recreates the meaning and effect of the original text in another language, the process may be called transcreation.
Transcreation is especially important in literary translation because a literal word-to-word translation may not carry the beauty and cultural meaning of the original text.
Policy making and case study are not the basic process of translation.
Modernization may occur in some adaptations, but it is not the general answer here.
Therefore, the process of translation involves:
\[
\text{Transcreation}.
\]