Question

What are the parameters that need to be addressed in the first stage of organic farming?
(A). Enrichment of soil
(B). Reliance on high-cost high-tech inputs
(C). Management of temperature
(D). Conservation of soil and rainwater
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. (A), (B) and (D) only.
• B. (A), (C) and (D) only.
• C. (A), (B), (C) and (D).
• D. (B), (C) and (D) only.

Hint:

Any statement suggesting "reliance on high-cost high-tech inputs" can be eliminated since organic farming promotes low-external-input sustainable agriculture (LEISA).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Organic farming is a holistic production management system which promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us evaluate each parameter for organic farming transition/first-stage setup:

• Statement (A): Enrichment of soil: This is the foundation of organic farming. Healthy, nutrient-rich soil is developed using organic manure, vermicompost, and green manuring. (Correct)

• Statement (B): Reliance on high-cost high-tech inputs: Organic farming aims to minimize external, synthetic, and high-cost inputs, relying instead on local, natural, and low-cost on-farm biological cycles. Thus, this statement contradicts the basic tenets of organic farming. (Incorrect)

• Statement (C): Management of temperature: Regulating microclimates and soil temperatures through practices like mulching is essential to protect soil microbes and crop roots. (Correct)

• Statement (D): Conservation of soil and rainwater: Practices like contour bunding, cover cropping, and rainwater harvesting are crucial to prevent soil erosion and ensure optimal water availability. (Correct)
Thus, parameters (A), (C), and (D) are critical, whereas (B) is incorrect.

Step 3: Final Answer
The correct choice is (A), (C) and (D) only.