When an external force acting on a body has a tendency to rotate the body about an axis, then the force is said to exert a torque or the body about that axis. The torque is equal to product of transverse component of force and perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation.
The system of particles refers to the extended body which is considered a rigid body most of the time for simple or easy understanding. A rigid body is a body with a perfectly definite and unchangeable shape.
The distance between the pair of particles in such a body does not replace or alter. Rotational motion can be described as the motion of a rigid body originates in such a manner that all of its particles move in a circle about an axis with a common angular velocity.
The few common examples of rotational motion are the motion of the blade of a windmill and periodic motion.