Transfer characteristics (output voltage \( V_o \) vs input voltage \( V_i \)) for a base biased transistor in CE configuration is as shown in the figure. For using transistor as a switch, it is used 
Step 1: Understand the working of a transistor as a switch.
In the active region (III) of the transistor, it behaves like a switch, and in the cutoff region (I), it is off.
Step 2: Conclusion.
For a transistor to act as a switch, it needs to operate in both the cutoff (I) and saturation (III) regions. "
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{both in region (I) and (III)}} \]
A d.c. battery of V volts is connected to a series combination of a resistor R and an ideal diode D as shown in the figure below. The potential difference across R will be 
In the circuit shown below, V(t) is the sinusoidal voltage source, the voltage drop VAB(t) across the resistance R is 