Question

Though Sn and Si are 4th group elements, Sn is a metal while Si is a semiconductor because

• A. Sn has more electrons than Si
• B. The energy gap of Sn is zero volt while that of Si is 0.07 V
• C. The energy gap of Sn is 1.1 eV while that of Si is 0.07 V
• D. Sn has more holes than Si

Hint:

In metals, the energy gap between conduction and valence bands is almost zero, allowing easy flow of electrons, while semiconductors have a small energy gap that requires external energy to conduct electricity.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Sn (tin) is a metal, and Si (silicon) is a semiconductor. The key difference lies in the energy band gap between the valence band and the conduction band. 
- In metals like Sn, the energy gap between the valence and conduction bands is negligible or practically zero, meaning electrons can move freely to the conduction band at room temperature, allowing Sn to conduct electricity easily. 
- In semiconductors like Si, there is a small but non-zero energy gap (about 0.07 eV) that separates the valence band and conduction band. This small energy gap allows Si to conduct electricity under certain conditions (e.g., at higher temperatures or when doped with other materials). 
Thus, the correct reason for Sn being a metal and Si being a semiconductor is the difference in their energy gaps, with Sn having no significant gap.