The Nirbhaya Act, officially known as the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, was passed by the Indian Parliament in December 2012 in response to the brutal gang-rape and murder of a young woman, commonly referred to as Nirbhaya. The act came into effect in 2013, amending several sections of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) to address sexual violence and enhance punishment for crimes against women.
Step 1: Context of the Nirbhaya Act.
The Nirbhaya Act was implemented to ensure justice for the victim and to act as a deterrent for future crimes against women. It introduced stricter penalties for sexual assault, including death penalty for the rapist in some cases, and set up a fast-track court for cases involving sexual violence.
Step 2: Conclusion.
The act was implemented in 2013, and it has since been instrumental in shaping the legal framework for tackling crimes against women in India.
Final Answer: 2013.