Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
For a $2 \times 2$ matrix $\begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{vmatrix}$, the determinant is calculated using the formula: $(a \times d) - (b \times c)$.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
In this determinant:
$a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4$.
Applying the formula:
$$(1 \times 4) - (2 \times 3)$$
$$4 - 6 = -2$$
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option is (b).