Break Down the Word: 'Allelo-' relates to 'other', '-pathy' relates to effect/suffering — together, one plant chemically affecting another.
Allelopathy is the release of biochemicals (allelochemicals) by one species that inhibit growth in nearby plants, like black walnut's juglone suppressing neighboring plants — matching option 3.
Symbiosis and mutualism both describe MUTUALLY beneficial relationships — the opposite of allelopathy's inhibitory effect — and light competition is a purely physical, not chemical, interaction.