Question:
The reaction: \( R-C=O \, Z^- + Na^+ \rightarrow R-C=O \, Na + Z^- \) is fastest when Z is:
The reaction: \( R-C=O \, Z^- + Na^+ \rightarrow R-C=O \, Na + Z^- \) is fastest when Z is:
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Nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions are faster with smaller and stronger nucleophiles like chloride ion.
Updated On: Apr 22, 2026
- Cl
- NH2
- OC2H5
- OCOCH3
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the mechanism.
This is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction where Z is the nucleophile. The speed of the reaction depends on the nucleophile's basicity and size. A smaller and stronger nucleophile leads to faster reactions.
Step 2: Explanation of the options.
- (1) Cl: Chloride ion is a small and good nucleophile, making the reaction faster.
- (2) NH2: Amine is a good nucleophile, but its size and basicity make it slower than chloride.
- (3) OC2H5: Ethoxy group is a larger nucleophile, making the reaction slower.
- (4) OCOCH3: This ester group is bulky, slowing down the reaction.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (1) Cl.
This is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction where Z is the nucleophile. The speed of the reaction depends on the nucleophile's basicity and size. A smaller and stronger nucleophile leads to faster reactions.
Step 2: Explanation of the options.
- (1) Cl: Chloride ion is a small and good nucleophile, making the reaction faster.
- (2) NH2: Amine is a good nucleophile, but its size and basicity make it slower than chloride.
- (3) OC2H5: Ethoxy group is a larger nucleophile, making the reaction slower.
- (4) OCOCH3: This ester group is bulky, slowing down the reaction.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (1) Cl.
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