Question

The primitive laws are characterized by :
• [A.] Customary law
• [B.] Only one individual is responsible for implementation of law
• [C.] Punishment in the form of community feast, compensation etc.
• [D.] Single council for adjudication
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. A, B and C only
• B. A and D only
• C. B, C and D only
• D. A, C and D only

Hint:

Primitive law is mainly customary, community-oriented, and restorative in nature, emphasizing reconciliation rather than strict punishment.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Concept: Primitive or tribal legal systems differ significantly from modern state-based legal systems. Their legal organization is generally based upon:
• Customs,
• Traditions,
• Collective authority,
• Community-based justice. Primitive law aims mainly at restoring harmony rather than imposing harsh punishment.

Step 1: Analyzing Statement A. Statement A says: \[ \text{Customary law} \] This is correct because primitive societies rely mainly upon:
• Customs,
• Traditions,
• Oral norms,
• Community practices. Written codified laws are generally absent. Thus: \[ A = \text{Correct} \]

Step 2: Analyzing Statement B. Statement B states: \[ \text{Only one individual is responsible for implementation of law} \] This is incorrect because:
• Primitive societies usually follow collective responsibility,
• Elders, councils, or kin groups participate,
• Law enforcement is community-oriented. Thus: \[ B = \text{Incorrect} \]

Step 3: Analyzing Statement C. Statement C states: \[ \text{Punishment in the form of community feast, compensation etc.} \] This is correct. Primitive legal systems often use:
• Compensation,
• Reconciliation,
• Community feasts,
• Ritual settlement. The objective is restoration of social harmony. Hence: \[ C = \text{Correct} \]

Step 4: Analyzing Statement D. Statement D says: \[ \text{Single council for adjudication} \] This is correct because:
• Village councils,
• Clan elders,
• Tribal assemblies often settle disputes collectively. Thus: \[ D = \text{Correct} \]

Step 5: Determining the correct combination. Correct statements are: \[ A, C, D \] Therefore, the correct answer becomes: \[ \boxed{\text{(D) A, C and D only}} \]