Question

The p53 protein is primarily known for which cellular role?

• A. DNA replication
• B. Tumor suppression
• C. Protein synthesis
• D. Cell membrane transport

Hint:

p53 protein → “Guardian of the genome” → Prevents cancer by stopping damaged cells from dividing

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Concept:
The p53 protein is one of the most important regulatory proteins in cells and is often referred to as the “guardian of the genome.” It plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability by preventing the proliferation of cells with damaged DNA.
Step 1:Role of p53 in DNA damage response.
When DNA damage occurs due to radiation, chemicals, or replication errors, the p53 protein becomes activated. It can stop the cell cycle and allow time for DNA repair mechanisms to correct the damage.
Step 2:Cell cycle regulation and apoptosis.
If the DNA damage cannot be repaired, p53 triggers programmed cell death (apoptosis) to eliminate the damaged cell. This prevents the accumulation of mutations that could lead to cancer.
Step 3:Connection to cancer prevention.
Because of its ability to control cell growth and eliminate damaged cells, p53 functions as a tumor suppressor protein. Mutations in the p53 gene are found in many types of human cancers. Conclusion:
Therefore, the primary cellular role of the p53 protein is tumor suppression.