Question:
The outer electronic configuration of ground state chromium is
The outer electronic configuration of ground state chromium is
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Remember the exceptions: Cr and Cu. Cr is \(3d^5 4s^1\), Cu is \(3d^{10} 4s^1\).
Updated On: Apr 24, 2026
- \(3d^6 4s^0\)
- \(3d^5 4s^1\)
- \(3d^4 4s^2\)
- \(4d^6 4s^0\)
- \(4d^4 4s^2\)
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The electronic configuration of transition elements can show exceptions to the Aufbau principle due to the extra stability of half-filled and fully-filled subshells.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Chromium (Cr) has atomic number 24. The expected configuration is \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^4\). However, to achieve a more stable half-filled 3d subshell (d\(^5\)), one electron from the 4s orbital is promoted to the 3d orbital. The actual ground state configuration is \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1 3d^5\). The outer electronic configuration is \(3d^5 4s^1\).
Step 3: Final Answer:
The outer electronic configuration of ground state chromium is \(3d^5 4s^1\).
The electronic configuration of transition elements can show exceptions to the Aufbau principle due to the extra stability of half-filled and fully-filled subshells.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Chromium (Cr) has atomic number 24. The expected configuration is \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^4\). However, to achieve a more stable half-filled 3d subshell (d\(^5\)), one electron from the 4s orbital is promoted to the 3d orbital. The actual ground state configuration is \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1 3d^5\). The outer electronic configuration is \(3d^5 4s^1\).
Step 3: Final Answer:
The outer electronic configuration of ground state chromium is \(3d^5 4s^1\).
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