Question:
The ortho-, para-directing and deactivating group in aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction is
The ortho-, para-directing and deactivating group in aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction is
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Halogens are unique: they are deactivating but ortho/para directing.
Updated On: Apr 24, 2026
- -CH\(_3\)
- -OH
- -Cl
- -NO\(_2\)
- -COOH
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Substituents on a benzene ring direct the incoming electrophile to ortho/para or meta positions. They can also activate or deactivate the ring.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
• -CH3: Ortho/para directing and activating (+I effect).
• -OH: Ortho/para directing and activating (+R effect > -I effect).
• -Cl: Ortho/para directing but deactivating. Although halogens have a strong -I effect, they also have a +R effect. The -I effect dominates, making the ring less reactive, but the +R effect directs the incoming group to ortho/para positions.
• -NO2 and -COOH: Meta directing and deactivating (-R and -I effects).
Step 3: Final Answer:
The group that is ortho/para directing and deactivating is -Cl.
Substituents on a benzene ring direct the incoming electrophile to ortho/para or meta positions. They can also activate or deactivate the ring.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
• -CH3: Ortho/para directing and activating (+I effect).
• -OH: Ortho/para directing and activating (+R effect > -I effect).
• -Cl: Ortho/para directing but deactivating. Although halogens have a strong -I effect, they also have a +R effect. The -I effect dominates, making the ring less reactive, but the +R effect directs the incoming group to ortho/para positions.
• -NO2 and -COOH: Meta directing and deactivating (-R and -I effects).
Step 3: Final Answer:
The group that is ortho/para directing and deactivating is -Cl.
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