Step 1: Volume of bed. Bed volume: \[ V_{bed} = \pi \frac{D^2}{4} H \] \[ = 3.14 \cdot \frac{0.6^2}{4} \cdot 1.2 = 0.339 \, m^3 \]
Step 2: Volume of solids. \[ V_s = \frac{M}{\rho_s} = \frac{250}{1040} = 0.240 \, m^3 \]
Step 3: Porosity formula. \[ \varepsilon = \frac{V_{bed} - V_s}{V_{bed}} \] \[ = \frac{0.339 - 0.240}{0.339} = 0.099/0.339 \] \[ \varepsilon = 0.800 \] \[ \boxed{0.800} \]
The equation \[ y'' + p(x)y' + q(x)y = r(x) \] is a _________ ordinary differential equation.