Question:
The intensive variables among thermodynamic state variables internal energy U, volume V, pressure P, absolute temperature T and total mass M are
The intensive variables among thermodynamic state variables internal energy U, volume V, pressure P, absolute temperature T and total mass M are
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Intensive variables define state independent of quantity; pressure and temperature are always intensive.
Updated On: Jun 22, 2026
- M, V
- U, M
- U, V
- P, T \bigskip
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
Thermodynamic variables are classified into:
• Extensive variables: depend on size of system
• Intensive variables: independent of system size ---
Step 1: Identify extensive variables.
Extensive properties scale with amount of substance: \[ U \ (\text{internal energy}), \quad V \ (\text{volume}), \quad M \ (\text{mass}) \] If system is doubled, these quantities also double. ---
Step 2: Identify intensive variables.
Intensive properties remain unchanged when system size changes: \[ P \ (\text{pressure}), \quad T \ (\text{temperature}) \] Even if system is split or combined, these values remain same at equilibrium. ---
Step 3: Eliminate incorrect options.
Options containing $U, V, M$ are extensive, so they are rejected. Only: \[ P, T \] are purely intensive. --- Final Answer: \[ (D)\ P, T \]
• Extensive variables: depend on size of system
• Intensive variables: independent of system size ---
Step 1: Identify extensive variables.
Extensive properties scale with amount of substance: \[ U \ (\text{internal energy}), \quad V \ (\text{volume}), \quad M \ (\text{mass}) \] If system is doubled, these quantities also double. ---
Step 2: Identify intensive variables.
Intensive properties remain unchanged when system size changes: \[ P \ (\text{pressure}), \quad T \ (\text{temperature}) \] Even if system is split or combined, these values remain same at equilibrium. ---
Step 3: Eliminate incorrect options.
Options containing $U, V, M$ are extensive, so they are rejected. Only: \[ P, T \] are purely intensive. --- Final Answer: \[ (D)\ P, T \]
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