Question

The Human Development Index (HDI) is measured based on the following variables:

• A. Per Capita Income (PCI) only
• B. Life expectancy, educational attainment and standard of living measured by real PCI
• C. Health condition, Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and Gini coefficient
• D. Human Poverty Index and PCI

Hint:

Remember the three pillars of HDI: \[ \boxed{ \text{HDI}= \text{Health} + \text{Education} + \text{Standard of Living} } \] A simple mnemonic is HES: \[ \boxed{\textbf{H}ealth \rightarrow \textbf{E}ducation \rightarrow \textbf{S}tandard\ of\ Living} \]

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Concept: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to measure a country's overall level of human development. It evaluates development not only in terms of income but also by considering people's health and education. The three dimensions of HDI are:
• Health -- Measured by Life Expectancy at Birth.
• Education -- Measured by educational attainment (mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling).
• Standard of Living -- Measured by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (earlier measured using real PCI/PPP).

Step 1: Identify the three dimensions used in HDI. \[ \boxed{ \begin{aligned} \text{Health} &\rightarrow \text{Life Expectancy}, \text{Education} &\rightarrow \text{Educational Attainment}, \text{Standard of Living} &\rightarrow \text{Real Per Capita Income (or GNI per capita)}. \end{aligned} } \]

Step 2: Examine the given options.
• Option (A) is incorrect because HDI is not based only on income.
• Option (B) correctly includes life expectancy, education and standard of living.
• Option (C) is incorrect because the Gini coefficient is a measure of income inequality and is not a component of HDI.
• Option (D) is incorrect because the Human Poverty Index is a separate index and is not used in calculating HDI. Hence, \[ \boxed{\text{(B) Life expectancy, educational attainment and standard of living measured by real PCI}} \]