Step 1: Recall the frequency bands used in satellite communication.
Satellite communication commonly uses microwave frequency bands because microwaves can travel long distances through the atmosphere with relatively low attenuation.
For communication satellites, different frequency bands are assigned for uplink and downlink transmissions to avoid interference between transmitted and received signals.
Step 2: Identify the uplink frequency band.
In the standard C-band satellite communication system,
\[
\text{Uplink frequency band}
=
5.9 - 6.4\ \text{GHz}
\]
and
\[
\text{Downlink frequency band}
=
3.7 - 4.2\ \text{GHz}
\]
The uplink frequency is kept higher than the downlink frequency to compensate for transmission losses and to prevent signal interference.
Step 3: Analyze the remaining options.
\[
54-72\ \text{MHz}
\]
belongs to the VHF television transmission range and is not used for satellite uplink communication.
\[
88-108\ \text{MHz}
\]
is the FM radio broadcasting band.
\[
540-1600\ \text{kHz}
\]
is the AM radio broadcasting band.
Therefore, none of these bands are used for satellite uplink communication.
Step 4: Final conclusion.
Hence, the frequency band used for uplink satellite communication is
\[
\boxed{5.9-6.4\ \text{GHz}}
\]