Question

The following question is based on pollination. Study the figures carefully and answer the questions that follow.

• Give the scientific terms for the processes taking place in Figures A and B respectively.
• Mention two conditions necessary for the process occurring in Figure B.
•  
  • [(i)] State one advantage and one disadvantage of the process occurring in Figure B. 
    OR
  • [(ii)] Name one plant where, in some flowers only, the process in Figure B takes place and give the reason responsible for it.

Hint:

Cross-pollination promotes genetic diversity, while autogamy ensures reproductive assurance, especially in isolated environments.

Answer 1

1. The scientific terms are:
   • Figure A — Cross-pollination
   • Figure B — Autogamy (a type of self-pollination)
2. Two conditions necessary for autogamy:
   • (i) Anther and stigma must mature simultaneously (synchronous maturation).
   • (ii) Anther and stigma must be positioned closely to facilitate transfer of pollen grains.
3. • [(i)] Advantage: Maintains genetic purity of the species. 
     Disadvantage: Leads to reduced genetic variation, which may limit adaptability. OR
   • [(ii)] One such plant is Viola (commonly known as pansy).
     Reason: It shows cleistogamy, where some flowers do not open and ensure autogamy as the only mode of pollination.