The first case of confirmed herbicide resistance in weed was reported by ______.
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Remember that the first confirmed case of herbicide resistance was reported by C.F. Ryan in 1970 in Senecio vulgaris (common groundsel) against triazine herbicides. This is a classic landmark event in weed science history.
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Herbicide resistance is the inherited ability of a weed biotype to survive an herbicide application that would normally control the weed population under standard conditions. Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the historical discovery of herbicide resistance:
In1970, scientistC.F. Ryan published the first confirmed, scientifically documented case of herbicide resistance.
He discovered a biotype of common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) growing in a nursery in Washington State, USA, that survived standard applications of the triazine herbicides simazine and atrazine.
This triazine resistance was later found to be caused by a single nucleotide mutation in the psbA gene of the chloroplast genome, which alters the D1 protein of Photosystem II and prevents triazine binding.
Let us review the roles of the other listed scientists:
-Clive James is known as the founder of the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA), focusing on global GM crop adoption data.
-I. Heap runs the International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds, which tracks resistant weed species globally.
-S.O. Duke is a prominent researcher in herbicide modes of action and weed management.
Thus, C.F. Ryan reported the first confirmed case of herbicide resistance. Step 2: Final Answer:
The correct option is (A), representing C.F. Ryan.
