Question:
The factors that are associated with high complication rates in esophageal surgery are:
(A). Segmental blood supply
(B). Lack of serosa
(C). Presence of thick omentum
(D). Continuous gulping movements due to saliva
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
The factors that are associated with high complication rates in esophageal surgery are:
(A). Segmental blood supply
(B). Lack of serosa
(C). Presence of thick omentum
(D). Continuous gulping movements due to saliva
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A). Segmental blood supply
(B). Lack of serosa
(C). Presence of thick omentum
(D). Continuous gulping movements due to saliva
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Show Hint
To minimize esophageal complications in surgery:
- Handle tissues with extreme care to protect the segmental blood supply.
- Use a double-layer closure with non-absorbable or slowly absorbable monofilament.
- Keep the animal nil-by-mouth (NPO) or feed via a gastrostomy tube postoperatively to prevent swallowing stress.
- Handle tissues with extreme care to protect the segmental blood supply.
- Use a double-layer closure with non-absorbable or slowly absorbable monofilament.
- Keep the animal nil-by-mouth (NPO) or feed via a gastrostomy tube postoperatively to prevent swallowing stress.
Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
- (A), (B) and (C) only.
- (B), (C) and (D) only.
- (A), (B) and (D) only.
- (A), (B), (C) and (D).
Show Solution
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Esophageal surgery in veterinary medicine has a historically high rate of serious postoperative complications, including leakage, dehiscence, and stricture formation.
This is due to several unique anatomical and physiological properties of the esophagus.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the factors contributing to esophageal surgical complications:
- (A) Segmental blood supply: The esophagus receives its blood supply segmentally from several different arteries (e.g., thyroid, bronchoesophageal, and gastric arteries) without a robust intramural collateral network. This makes it highly susceptible to local ischemia and subsequent suture line breakdown. (Associated)
- (B) Lack of serosa: Unlike the stomach and intestines, which are covered by a visceral peritoneum (serosa), the esophagus is covered only by a loose adventitia. Serosa is rich in mesothelial cells that rapidly produce a fibrin seal to prevent leakage; the lack of serosa in the esophagus significantly delays sealing. (Associated)
- (D) Continuous gulping movements: Swallowing saliva occurs constantly (even during anesthesia and sleep). This continuous motion and the hydrostatic pressure exerted by boluses place dynamic mechanical stress on the suture line, predisposing it to dehiscence. (Associated)
- (C) Presence of thick omentum: The esophagus is located in the neck and thorax, where there is no omentum. Omental wrapping is a protective feature of abdominal surgeries used to seal leakage, so the *absence* (not presence) of omentum is a risk factor.
Therefore, (A), (B), and (D) are correct.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The factors associated with high complications are (A), (B), and (D) only, corresponding to option (C).
Esophageal surgery in veterinary medicine has a historically high rate of serious postoperative complications, including leakage, dehiscence, and stricture formation.
This is due to several unique anatomical and physiological properties of the esophagus.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the factors contributing to esophageal surgical complications:
- (A) Segmental blood supply: The esophagus receives its blood supply segmentally from several different arteries (e.g., thyroid, bronchoesophageal, and gastric arteries) without a robust intramural collateral network. This makes it highly susceptible to local ischemia and subsequent suture line breakdown. (Associated)
- (B) Lack of serosa: Unlike the stomach and intestines, which are covered by a visceral peritoneum (serosa), the esophagus is covered only by a loose adventitia. Serosa is rich in mesothelial cells that rapidly produce a fibrin seal to prevent leakage; the lack of serosa in the esophagus significantly delays sealing. (Associated)
- (D) Continuous gulping movements: Swallowing saliva occurs constantly (even during anesthesia and sleep). This continuous motion and the hydrostatic pressure exerted by boluses place dynamic mechanical stress on the suture line, predisposing it to dehiscence. (Associated)
- (C) Presence of thick omentum: The esophagus is located in the neck and thorax, where there is no omentum. Omental wrapping is a protective feature of abdominal surgeries used to seal leakage, so the *absence* (not presence) of omentum is a risk factor.
Therefore, (A), (B), and (D) are correct.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The factors associated with high complications are (A), (B), and (D) only, corresponding to option (C).
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