Step 1: Understanding the Concept
Growth rate is the increase in growth per unit time. The efficiency index measures the ability of the plant to produce new plant material.
Step 2: Compare the options
Option B and option C restrict growth to cells only or to one system. Option D describes only permanent structural change.
Step 3: Match
The best description is the total increase in growth per unit time, option (A).
Final Answer:
The efficiency index represents the total increase in growth per unit time.
\[ \boxed{\text{(A) }\text{total increase in growth per unit time}} \]