Question

The development activity of the states and the growth of private industry affected caste indirectly. State any two ways in which this is evident. 

Hint:

Always link social changes with other developments like economic change, urbanization, modernization etc.

Answer 1

The development activities of the state and the growth of private industries have sped up the process of economic change, making the traditional caste system obsolete in many ways.
They have also created new jobs for which there were no caste rules, resulting in social change, and economic mobility.
Additionally, the process of urbanization and collective living in cities made it difficult for the caste-segregated patterns of social interaction to survive.
Also, Modern educated Indians attracted to the liberal ideas of individualism and meritocracy abandoned the more extreme caste practices.
Industrialization also leads to greater equality, at least in some spheres. For example, caste distinctions do not matter anymore on trains, buses or in cyber cafes.
Finally, Even as social inequalities are reducing, economic or income inequality is growing in the world, highlighting a complex intersection of caste and class.