Question:
The correct increasing order of the acid strength of acids, butyric acid (I), 2-chlorobutyric acid (II), 3-chlorobutyric acid (III) and 2,2-dichlorobutyric acid (IV) is
The correct increasing order of the acid strength of acids, butyric acid (I), 2-chlorobutyric acid (II), 3-chlorobutyric acid (III) and 2,2-dichlorobutyric acid (IV) is
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Acidity rules:
- More electron-withdrawing groups → stronger acid
- Closer to COOH → stronger effect
- Multiple halogens increase acidity significantly
Updated On: May 1, 2026
- \( I < II < III < IV \)
- \( III < II < IV < I \)
- \( I < III < II < IV \)
- \( III < I < II < IV \)
- \( IV < III < II < I \)
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Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Concept: Acidity of carboxylic acids depends on:
• Stability of conjugate base
• Electron-withdrawing groups (–I effect)
• Distance of substituent from –COOH group Inductive effect:
• Chlorine is strongly electron-withdrawing (–I effect)
• Closer Cl → stronger acidity
• More Cl atoms → stronger acidity Step-by-step analysis:
• (I) Butyric acid: No electron-withdrawing group → weakest
• (III) 3-chlorobutyric acid: Cl far from COOH → weak –I effect
• (II) 2-chlorobutyric acid: Cl near COOH → stronger –I effect
• (IV) 2,2-dichlorobutyric acid: two Cl atoms → strongest –I effect Hence order: \[ I < III < II < IV \]
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