Question:
The compound which is most basic in gaseous phase is:
The compound which is most basic in gaseous phase is:
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In gaseous phase:
\[
3^\circ > 2^\circ > 1^\circ > \text{NH}_3
\]
because only \(+I\) effect dominates.
Updated On: Jun 3, 2026
- Ammonia
- Methylamine
- Dimethylamine
- Trimethylamine
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
In gaseous phase, solvation effects are absent.
Hence basicity depends mainly upon:
Step 1: Understand inductive effect. Alkyl groups donate electrons toward nitrogen through \(+I\) effect. Therefore: \[ \text{NH}_3 < \text{CH}_3\text{NH}_2 < (\text{CH}_3)_2\text{NH} < (\text{CH}_3)_3\text{N} \]
Step 2: Analyze gaseous phase condition. Since no hydration or solvation occurs in gaseous phase, steric hindrance does not reduce basicity significantly. Hence tertiary amine becomes strongest base.
Step 3: Final conclusion. \[ \boxed{(\text{CH}_3)_3\text{N}} \]
- Electron donating \(+I\) effect of alkyl groups.
- Availability of lone pair on nitrogen.
Step 1: Understand inductive effect. Alkyl groups donate electrons toward nitrogen through \(+I\) effect. Therefore: \[ \text{NH}_3 < \text{CH}_3\text{NH}_2 < (\text{CH}_3)_2\text{NH} < (\text{CH}_3)_3\text{N} \]
Step 2: Analyze gaseous phase condition. Since no hydration or solvation occurs in gaseous phase, steric hindrance does not reduce basicity significantly. Hence tertiary amine becomes strongest base.
Step 3: Final conclusion. \[ \boxed{(\text{CH}_3)_3\text{N}} \]
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