The chemical nature of hormones secreted by \(\alpha \,and\,\beta\) cells of pancreas is
The chemical nature of hormones secreted by \(\alpha \,and\,\beta\) cells of pancreas is
- glycolipid
- glycoprotein
- steroid
- polypeptide
The Correct Option is D
Approach Solution - 1
The endocrine part of pancreas is represented by about a million of islets of Langerhans with 5 types of endocrine cells secreting different hormones-a cells (glucagon), \(\beta\) - cells (insulin), \(\gamma\) cells (gastrin), 8-cells (somatostatin) and F cells (pancreatic polypepride). Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin all are polypeptides.
So, the correct answer (D): polypeptide
Approach Solution -2
They are polypeptides in nature. The beta cells releases insulin. Which is released in its inactive form and later after cleavage becomes active. Insulin is a polypeptide with two chains, chain A with 21 amino acids and B chain with 30 amino acids. Glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells and has 29 amino acids.
So, the correct answer is (D): polypeptide
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Concepts Used:
Chemical Coordination and Integration
The chemical coordination and integration of all physiological functions in the animal body are jointly synchronized by the neural and endocrine systems. The control and coordination of body functions are executed by the endocrine glands. They are ductless glands that secrete severel hormones to control and coordinate body functions.
Human Endocrine System:
The human body has several endocrine glands located in different parts. They cover the pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, pineal gland, parathyroid, pancreas (dual gland), adrenal gland, and gonads (testes and ovaries). The liver, kidney, heart, and gastrointestinal tract also produce hormones in small traces to harmonize the functioning of these organs.
The Hypothalamus comprises groups of secretory cells called nuclei which secrets various hormones. These hormones released by the hypothalamus are important in regulating the synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones.
Functions of Endocrine Glands:
- Pituitary Gland
- Pineal Gland
- Thyroid Gland
- Parathyroid Gland
- Thymus
- Adrenal Gland
- Pancreas
- Testes
- Ovary
- Hormones of Kidney, Heart, and Gastrointestinal Tract