Step 1: Concept
This definition refers to the intensity of solar energy reaching the Earth's upper atmosphere.
Step 2: Meaning
It is measured at the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun.
Step 3: Analysis
The value is approximately $1.361$ $kW/m^2$ and is a fundamental value in solar energy studies.
Step 4: Conclusion
The specific term for this value is the Solar constant.
Final Answer: (C)