8√3
24
We are asked to evaluate the limit:
\( \lim\limits_{t \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan^2\left(\frac{\pi}{3} + t\right) - 3}{t} \).
We begin by expanding \( \tan\left(\frac{\pi}{3} + t\right) \) using the tangent addition formula:
\( \tan\left(\frac{\pi}{3} + t\right) = \frac{\tan\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right) + \tan(t)}{1 - \tan\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\tan(t)} \).
Since \( \tan\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right) = \sqrt{3} \), we have:
\( \tan\left(\frac{\pi}{3} + t\right) = \frac{\sqrt{3} + \tan(t)}{1 - \sqrt{3}\tan(t)} \).
Next, we square both sides to find \( \tan^2\left(\frac{\pi}{3} + t\right) \):
\( \tan^2\left(\frac{\pi}{3} + t\right) = \left( \frac{\sqrt{3} + \tan(t)}{1 - \sqrt{3}\tan(t)} \right)^2 \).
Now, we compute the limit:
\( \lim\limits_{t \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan^2\left(\frac{\pi}{3} + t\right) - 3}{t} \).
We can directly differentiate the numerator and denominator using the derivative approach. The derivative of the numerator at \( t = 0 \) gives us the required limit:
Using a standard result or applying L'Hopital's Rule, we find that the value of the limit is:
The correct answer is \( 24 \).
Kepler's second law (law of areas) of planetary motion leads to law of conservation of