Question

Steps involved in Translation. Select the correct order.
A. Formation of peptide bond between charged tR
B. Activation of amino acids in the presence of ATP
C. Release of the complete polypeptide
D. Linking of amino acid to their cogte tR

• A. A, B, C, D
• B. B, D, A, C
• C. D, A, C, B
• D. A, D, B, C

Hint:

Translation Logic:
1. Activate amino acid with ATP (B) $\to$ 2. Attach to tR (D) $\to$ 3. Synthesize peptide bond on ribosome (A) $\to$ 4. Termite and release protein (C).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks to arrange the sequential steps of protein translation from amino acid activation to polypeptide termition.

Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Translation encompasses charging of tRs followed by initiation, elongation, and termition phases: Amino Acid Activation (B) $\rightarrow{}$ tR Charging (D) $\rightarrow{}$Peptide Bond Formation (A) $\rightarrow{}$ Polypeptide Release (C)

Step 3: Detailed Explation:

• 1. Activation of Amino Acids (B): Aminoacyl-tR synthetase reacts an amino acid with ATP to form an intermediate aminoacyl-AMP derivative and inorganic pyrophosphate ($PP_i$).

• 2. tR Charging Aminoacylation (D): The activated amino acid moiety is transferred onto the $3'$-CCA termil adenylate residue of its cogte tR, releasing AMP and yielding charged aminoacyl-tR.

• 3. Peptide Bond Formation (A): During elongation, peptidyl transferase activity of the large ribosomal subunit forms a peptide bond between the amino group of the A-site charged tR and the carboxyl group of the P-site growing polypeptide chain.

• 4. Release of Polypeptide (C): Upon reaching a stop codon, Release Factors (RFs) promote ester bond hydrolysis, releasing the completed polypeptide chain from the ribosome.

Step 4: Fil Answer:
The correct chronological order of translation steps is B, D, A, C.