Soil acidity can be introduced by \(\underline{\hspace{1cm}}\).
A. Mine tailings rich in pyrites
B. Extraction of Al from its ore
C. Use of nitrogen-rich fertilizers
D. Use of limestone
A. Mine tailings rich in pyrites
B. Extraction of Al from its ore
C. Use of nitrogen-rich fertilizers
D. Use of limestone
Show Hint
- A, B and D only
- A and C only
- A, B and C only
- A, B, C and D
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Analyze statement A.
Pyrite (FeS\(_2\)) is a sulfide mineral. When exposed to air and water, it oxidizes to form sulfuric acid (H\(_2\)SO\(_4\)), a strong acid. This process, known as acid mine drainage, drastically increases soil and water acidity. Statement A is a cause of acidity.
Step 2: Analyze statement B.
The primary process for extracting aluminum (Bayer process) involves digesting bauxite ore in a hot solution of sodium hydroxide (a strong base). The waste product, red mud, is highly alkaline, not acidic. Statement B is not a cause of acidity.
Step 3: Analyze statement C.
Ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizers can cause soil acidity through nitrification. Soil bacteria convert ammonium (NH\(_4^+\)) to nitrate (NO\(_3^-\)), releasing hydrogen ions (H\(^+\)) in the process, which lowers the soil pH. Statement C is a cause of acidity.
Step 4: Analyze statement D.
Limestone is calcium carbonate (CaCO\(_3\)). It is an alkaline material used to neutralize soil acidity by reacting with H\(^+\) ions. It is a treatment for acidity, not a cause. Statement D is not a cause of acidity.
Conclusion: A and C are causes of soil acidity.
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